In the 1960s, Yorkville was not a hub for the extravagant shopper, but a sanctuary for the counterculture movement in Canada - an equivalent to New York's Greenwich Village. somehow Busy bees Eat and run,please! . Its small scale makes it easy to explore on foot and perfect for a musical pilgrimage, but the arrival last summer of New York's bike-sharing scheme, Citibike, makes for a more adventurous experience. "There are still a lot of theatres. It is very interesting that the identity of the 195os coffeehouse came from the clientele rather that what was being served. Paintings on display in Washington Square in October 1964. Fred Harvey revisited Street food: tamales Famous in its day:Blums Women chefs before the1970s Speed eating Top posts in2020 Holiday greetings from 11thHeaven Dining with UsMortals Your favorite restaurant? Please visitour page on Patreonand watch a short video of us recording the show and talking about our expansion plans. The White Horse Tavern, built in 1880, still stands on the corner of Hudson Street and 11th. English was MC at the venue, working alongside Charlie Rothschild, who would become Judy Collins' manager. there was big bill (king) brown x heavy weight contender reciting his poetry at the Washington sq. for retail space in the Village will become even worse therell African-American tea rooms Romantic dinners Flaming swords Theme restaurants: castles Know thy customer Menue [sic] mistakes Waiter, telephone please! Conference-ing Top posts in2010 Variations on the wordrestaurant Famous in its day: BuschsGrove Between courses: a Thanksgivingtoast Basic fare: Frenchfries Linens and things partII Linens and things partI Menu art Dining in shadows Spotlight on NYCrestaurants Laddition: on tipping Taste of a decade: 1870srestaurants He-man menus That glass ofwater Famous in its day: TonyFausts Theme restaurants: prisons Laddition: French on the menu, dratit Anatomy of a restaurateur: RomanyMarie Between courses: onlyone? Street scene of a young woman walking with an acoustic guitar, as an old man sits by a telephone booth on April 25, 1961. But oddly enough, I was walking across Bleeker just yesterday afternoon on the way home from work past places with Villagey names like the Urban Timberjack. According to folk singer and historian Elijah Wald, the ballad and blues singers who sat around the fountain in the park created sounds that would influence artists from Joni Mitchell and Joan Baez to folk-rock groups the Lovin' Spoonful, the Byrds and the Mamas and the Papas. Hi Joel, Ray L. from Pontiac, I BELIEVE THE PURPLE ONION WAS ON THE NORTH END OF FRANKLIN RD. A performance of expressionist theatre known as "Happening," in which a man in a paint-splattered suit plays dead while two other men examine his teeth and hair. In the 50s the status came from being present at the coffeehouse. This episode will present a little walk through Greenwich Village in the early 60s, giving you the flavor of the Village during the era and an ample sampling of its sights and sounds. Terry. Canton was not a college town but it had its own coffee house, named oddly enough The Way Out (how I found this post!). Fortunes cookies Famous in its day: DutchlandFarms Toothpicks An annotated menu Anatomy of a restaurateur: KateMunra Putting patrons atease Anatomy of a chef: Joseph E.Gancel Taking the din out ofdining The power of publicity:Maders Modernizing Main Streetrestaurants Adult restaurants Taste of a decade: 1820srestaurants Find of the day: the StorkClub Cool culinaria ishot Restaurant booth controversies Ice cream parlors Banquet-ing menus Image gallery: stands Restaurant-ing on Sunday Odd restaurant food That night atMaxims Famous in its day: theParkmoor Frank E. Buttolph, menu collectorextraordinaire Lunch Hour NYC Restaurants and artists: NormandyHouse Conferencing: global gateways Peas on themenu Famous in its day: Richards TreatCafeteria Maxims three ofNYC Service with a smile . In an era driven by the conformist quest for success and button-down normalcy they sheltered misfits, art, and European culture in settings decorated in moody opium-den style or stained-glass/marble/wrought iron junkyard posh assembled from the detritus of American cities then being dismantled. Cool blog you have Daddy-O The beat movement took hold in the 1950s with the opening of MacDougal coffee houses and storefront theaters on Bleecker. But the people who make the music have not been able to live there for 20 or 30 years. Knew about Herb but lost touch with with Ritchie. He was famous for his spontaneous poetry such as this haiku One flower on the cliffside Nodding at the canyon Actually they only did serve expresso and poetry there. became a music place. I started a post on bX that talks about this and lists a few modern coffeehouses of interest. Blue. New York City's Greenwich Village, or "the Village", is located in Lower Manhattan on the West Side. i was there twice in the late 60s. lend themselves to franchisin. the basement cafes where musicians passed the bucket on McDougal. Today, of course, coffee bars, cafes and the like get their identity from the coffee. Hi Louise As far as I know, the male beatniks were ok with women coming to coffeehouses but back in the Colonial days women didnt normally go to the English-style coffeehouses which were places where men conducted business, enjoyed strong drinks, and caught up with their newspaper reading. As an elementary schooler, I remember being stunned to discover, firstly, that amazing artwork languished behind this otherwise nondescript, blue-collar downtown Pontiac building. I worked at Figaros in the early 60s. Washington Square Park CelebrationSaturday, April 13 from 12:00-3:00pm in Garibaldi PlazaHistoric District Open House WeekendSaturday, April 13 Sunday, April 14Full calendar atgvshp.org/GVHD50weekend, The Fantasticks original cast featured Rita Gardner, Jerry Orbach and Kenneth Nelson. Pie in the skies revolvingrestaurants Way out coffeehouses Taste of a decade: 1890srestaurants Sweet treats and teddybears Its not all glamor, is it Mr.Krinkle? Dining underground on LongIsland My blogging anniversary Underground dining Odors and aromas Digging for dinner Restaurant as communitycenter The Mister chains Celebrity restaurants: HeresJohnnys Pizza by any othername Womens lunch clubs The long life of ElFenix Pausing to reflect Sugar on thetable Famous in its day: LePavillon Native American restaurants Restaurant ware An early French restaurantchain Biblical restaurants Thanksgiving dinner at ahotel Dinner and amovie Restaurant murals Dining at theCentennial Restaurant-ing in 1966 Romanian restaurants Nans Kitchens Fish & chips & alligatorsteaks Appetizer: words, concepts,contents French fried onionrings Hash house lingo The golden age ofsandwiches Black Tulsas restaurants They delivered Americas finest restaurant,revisited Tableside theater Bicycling to lunch anddinner Anatomy of a chef: JohnDingle Sunny side up? Send questions or suggestions We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Young men and women smoke cigarettes, drink coffee, and play chess in a coffeehouse. But tell me more if you remember any details! Bob Dylan performs at The Bitter End in 1961. I would like to encourage others who recall The Caveor who may have photos of itto share online as well! The Village is the stuff of legends: a hotbed of musicians, artists, performers, intellectuals, activists. Maybe I just havent been reading the blogs youve commented on. I looked this up because my dad used to go to the Cave and the Purple Onion in Pontiac in the 1950s. Find recent podcast episodes here, and click to read more about listening options here. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Looking south you can see One World Trade Center: at 541m, it's now the tallest building in the western hemisphere. Streets, was a warm place to spend an afternoon, and cheaply at that. Karen Dalton. I agree to a point Caf Wha?, Caffe Trieste, Caff Mediterraneum, and many other beatnik coffeehouses were actually some of the earliest coffeehouses in America serving ESPRESSO. Van Ronk's posthumously published memoir, the Mayor of MacDougal Street, takes its name from the street that was home to the Gaslight Cafe, and other early 60s folk clubs. The jukebox offered only classical music, which mystified most of the customers who expected to see more contemporary music. The corner of Le Figaro used to be one of four sidewalk cafes on the intersection. Great shots of landmarks and famous cafes and restaurants. A struggling folk artist might find a cheap meal in one of the student cafes around MacDougal Street, but they would never be able to afford to live in the area or anywhere in Manhattan, realistically. Check them out and consider being a sponsor. . Ive been blogging on fewer posts than I used to, but Ill be back on these , San Remo (?) Wop salad? In the bitter winter of 1961, when the Coen brothers movie is set, cash-strapped artists similar to Davis would take their chances at the open mic. be a significant increase in the number of people in the area, without an appreciable increase in the amount of ground floor retail space to accommodate the businesses wanting to serve them. Read some reviews of Le Figaro Cafe from the last years of its five-decade lifespan, and it can be hard to understand how it became a famous Greenwich Village Do you remember Marty Proctors Papier Mache on the corner of Greenwich Avenue and Perry Street? I live in Canton also, and always wondered if such a coffee house existed. morning and a round-up in Monday's print edition. Few did much cooking so they werent restaurants in the true sense, but many of them offered light food such as salami sandwiches (on exotic Italian bread) and cheesecake, along with Espresso Romano, the most expensive coffee ever seen in the U.S. up til then. It was a circa 1960 Beat joint in Detroit, perhaps on Joy road. Actress Anne Bancroft wrinkles up with glee as she phones relatives with the news from her home after winning the Academy Award for the Best Actress for her performance in The Miracle Worker. Not the worst moment of my life, but near to it. There were innocent things in the 60s but there were also some troubling events assassinations of political and religious leaders, fear of attack from a communist force from a small country off the tip of Florida, a racial divide beyond what we can imagine now (that should have ended with the brave words and deeds of Martin Luther King and the voting rights act of 1965) and a war just starting up in Southeast Asia that would lead to the death of more than 55,000 of American soldiers, several of whom I went to high school with. As for Dyan hanging out there he was 86d Ham & eggs by any othername Good eaters: JosephineHull Name trouble: AuntJemimas Reflections on a name:Plantation Dining on aroof Restaurant-ing on wheels Dinner to go Drive-up windows Dining during an epidemic: SanFrancisco Good eaters: bohemians Dining during anepidemic Fish on Fridays Image gallery: breadedthings Lunching in alaboratory Women drinking inrestaurants The puzzling St. Paulsandwich New Years Eve at the LatinQuarter Chinese for Christmas Turkeyburgers Themes: bordellos Finds of theday Early bird specials Franchising: Heap BigBeef Bostons automats Coffee and cakesaloons Women chefs notwanted Entree from side dish to maindish Anatomy of a restaurateur: Woo YeeSing Lobster stew at the WhiteRabbit Restaurants in the family: DorisDay Almost like flying Eye appeal Writing food memoirs Anatomy of a restaurateur: RubyFoo Soul food restaurants Effects of war onrestaurant-ing Behind the scenes at theSplendide Take your Valentine todinner Lunching at the dimestore Square meals Tea rooms forstudents Christmas dinner in thedesert Green Book restaurants Dirty by design Clown themes Basic fare: meat &potatoes Dining with Chiang Yee inBoston Slumming Picturing restaurant food Find of the day: the Double R CoffeeHouse Delicatessing at theDelirama Restaurant design anddecoration Dining on adime Anatomy of a restaurateur: GeorgeRector Catering Dining in agarden Sawdust on thefloor Learning to eat (inrestaurants) Childrens menus Taste of a decade: the1830s Check your hat How Americans learned totip Image gallery: eating in ahat The up-and-down life of a restaurantowner Dressing the femaleserver The Lunch Box, amemoir Crazy for crepes Famous in its day: ThePyramid Dining & wining on New YearsEve High-volume restaurants: Hilltop SteakHouse Famous in its day: the PublicNatatorium Turkey on themenu Getting closer to yourfood Between courses: secretrecipes Find of the day: Aladdin Studio TiffinRoom Americans in Paris: The ChineseUmbrella No smoking! All rights reserved. That is awesome. permits posted on the cafes windows. The CAVE sat on the corner of Water and Park or Perry. I felt so disappointed for Dad and I so wanted to see the beatniks perform. Dalton grew up in Oklahoma, married at fifteen, had a son and daughter, divorced, lost custody of the children, remarried the same guy, and then took off for Greenwich Village with the daughter, arriving just in time to join in the great folk boom. CitiBikers in Greenwich Village. I was a child of the 1960s but grew up in a very small city in Ohio. You can also receive it via email. 2023 The Bowery Boys: New York City History, on Greenwich Village in the 1960s: A nostalgic stroll through an era of preservation and protest, Eyes of Laura Mars: The glamour of 1970s SoHo. Greenwich Village Historic District 50th Anniversary Celebration and Open House Weekend! Do you have any pix from any? . We were restocking when Marilyn died\was reported. Although the word beatnik came into usage around 1958 (inspired partly by Sputnik), the phenomenon of dropping out of the rat race to lead an existentialist, non-consumerist life was part of the aftermath of World War II akin to the Lost Generation after World War I. I am hoping the name of the cafe was Abdos.if so, that might of been my Uncles place! and the oltimers for years on end. Many people Ive We are now producing a new Bowery Boys podcast every other week. In Pontiac MI was the Cave of the Ninth Cat (or The Cave of Nine Cats?) 7) This time, however, the replacement of Cafe Figaro is an indication of economic vibrancy, not decline. If memory serves me it was near the ALGIERS MOTEL that is getting some attention now thru the movie DETROIT. The inspiration for the movie's fictional anti-hero, Davis, was Brooklyn-born Dave Van Ronk, a real- life blues and folk singer with no small talent, who worked with performers such as Pete Seeger and Bob Dylan, but remained rooted in the village until he died in 2002, declining to leave it for any length of time and refusing to fly for many years. The first time I saw the Cave Of The 9th Cat I think I was 10 or 11 yrs old. Cafe Wha? It closed for good this summer. would come in on friday night and the streets were packed..i was 18 and from West Virginia it was great. I believe in the 1960s there was a debate corner in the west village where various topics were debated. My family owned\ran the place. Does Justin Theroux Sleep Naked on Airplanes? All the town kids, mostly hippy by nature, would gather every Friday night. I was devastated. wondered what happened to ,RC, Bert, Louie, Xan, Annie, Times change and not for the better. In another forty years it will be something entirely different again, and todays Village will be just a faded memory by some old geezers living in Alaska. I have many great memories hanging out there. They opened two more additions in, I think, Toronto and LA but like so many unique situations they didnt Gerde's Folk City, at 11 West 4th Street, was another popular performance space and hangout. All I knew was that my uncle had a place in Greenwich Village in the 1960s. Peter Yarrow, Mary Travers, and Noel 'Paul' Stookey of Peter, Paul and Mary pose for alternative shots for the cover of their first eponymously titled album at The Bitter End in 1962. You are the only other person Ive ever encountered who remembers that! I hung out in the Green Spider, back in 1961. Dylan's record enjoyed some popularity among Greenwich Village folk-music enthusiasts, . But for the life of me I cant remember if it was the place on the northeast or southeast corner of that intersection. Ceilings on display The Automat goescountry Maitre ds Added attractions: cocktaillounges Lunching at the drugstore Lunch in a bus station,maybe Suffrage tea & lunchrooms Image gallery: have aseat! The entrance was off a dirty alley called Dewalt Ave., just north of Second St. Nobody was saying that about the Village in the 1960s. From there, it's a short cycle along Christopher Street, up Hudson and along West 10th, to Bleecker Street, where designer boutiques such as Marc Jacobs, Michael Kors and Lulu Guinness mark the area's steep gentrification. by e-mail. It is still a popular music venue, with a house band playing five nights a week. As described by one resident: Greenwich Village Restaurants in the '50s and '60s 10 by Eater Staff Feb 20, 2013, 12:05pm EST 10 comments We're not sure of the name of this sidewalk cafe, but the diners look to be sitting next. New York's Greenwich Village in the '60s: The Photos. on the northwest corner being replaced by a Chinese restaurant and a cheap ice cream Theres gonna be mandolins! The first coffeehouses sprang up in Greenwich Village in the late 1940s, but the beats weren't averse to hanging out in cafeterias either their "Paris sidewalk restaurant thing of the time." When coffeehouses began levying cover charges for performances, beatniks tended to drop out of them too. I was being a bit nostalgic recalling a day when I was about 4 or 5 years old when he took me first to one, then to the other, only to get the same response. By coincidence, I have been trying to find any information regarding the Abdo Cafe and where it was located. While a lot of this was still in the future, it was in the near future and somehow you could sense the stagnation and decay in the air or the mood of the city. The image that I have in my mind of MacDougal and Bleecker I suspect is long gone by now, having left NYC for Berkeley in 68. I picked up a bike outside Franklin Street subway station, south of the Village in Tribeca, and headed out to the river, at Pier 45. I was fortunate enough to see some of the artwork in the Cave of the 9th Cat after it had already ceased operations (wish someone had taken photos!). If you have any other memories of Abdos Cafe, I would love to here them. Muhammad Ali reads one of his literary offerings during a contest at the Bitter End, from which he emerged victorious. After I was near my teens, after Dads passing, I tried to find both places, and did find the Purple Onion building, then closed. You ordered your drinks from a waitress who then brought them to your table on a tray, together with a stick of chalk for each recipient. Greenwich Village in the 1960s was the hub of revival in art, music, politics, literature, and ideas. -- A note The dessert course In their ownwords Not-to-miss menu show The art of menucovers Irish restaurants &pubs Dining . And chess players. http://www.baristaexchange.com/group/coffeetostay/forum/topics/coffeehouses-that-support, Do you have an updated link, 3 years later? on the northeast corner also closing down. Since 1976, Metropolitan Diary has been a place for New Yorkers, past and present, to share odd fleeting moments in the city. My friend Anastasias mother bought her mutton sleeved satin shirts there very elegant. .css-gk9meg{display:block;font-family:Lausanne,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-top:0.25rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-gk9meg:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:0.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-gk9meg{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;}}Pedro Pascal Is Joining 'Gladiator 2', Bella Ramsey Sorts Out 'The Last of Us' Finale. Bikes are not officially allowed inside the square, but there are Citibike stations around it, so it's easy to park and walk around. Anyone remember a kinetic sculpture gallery on LaGuardia Pl. Hello and Goodbye sure there are other factors but a place to be an institution needs an on premises owner who cares. Does anybody remember the man dressed in a white wedding gown on roller skates skating at high speed through the park with an entourage of 30-40 similarly dressed men; I believe he was nicknamed Tinkerbell ? In 1960, Walt Wilcox, a retired policeman, opened a coffeehouse on Westlake Avenue, on the end of a dock among the yacht brokers on Lake Union. It is the hub of New York University's campus and many of the bars, falafel joints and pizza houses are priced for students, with $2 beers thrown in. Hippy Beaknik 60's Coffee House Yorkville The "Beat Generation" was born in 1948 when Jack Kerouac, an iconic poet and novelist of the time, wanted to recognize the youth in New York City. These are the photos that tell the story of the era. theater) a time when the Village was a genuine font of cultural ferment and a focal point of American popular culture. Across a wide variety of cultures and eras, moreover, these cafs tend to be places where upper classes, artists, and intellectuals congregate. 2nd demo and we marched up east side to parks commsion apt., and music in park ever since. 1950-1960 1950 - Significant coffee production begins in New Guinea. . I got to hear Rod Serling give a talk in a college near Akron. So its heartening to find trace memories of the culture and community they helped create. Vote your favorites, and don't forget to share. Remembering Gerde's, the Greenwich Village coffee house that drove the New York folk revival. Also, PDub, Figaro was on the Southeast corner. The espresso drinks did play a central role in this culture as well. I only wish I had taken more, had I known then that forty years later it would all but disappear. Restaurants of1936 Regulars Steakburgers and shakes A famous fake Music in restaurants Co-operative restaurant-ing Dainty Dining, thebook Famous in its day: Miss HullingsCafeteria Celebrating in style 2011 year-end report Famous in its day: Reeves Bakery, Restaurant, CoffeeShop Washing up Taste of a decade: 1910srestaurants Dipping into the fingerbowl The Craftsman, a modelrestaurant Anatomy of a restaurateur: ChinFoin Hot Cha and the KapokTree Find of the day: DemosCaf Footnote on roadhouses Spectacular failures: Caf delOpera Product placement inrestaurants Lunch and abeer White restaurants It was adilly Wayne McAllisters drive-ins in theround Making a restaurant exciting, on thecheap Duncans beefs Anatomy of a restaurateur: Anna deNaucaze The checkered career of theroadhouse Famous in its day: the AwareInn Waiters games Anatomy of a restaurateur: HarrietMoody Basic fare: salad Image gallery: tallyho Famous in its day: PignWhistle Confectionery restaurants Etiquette violations: eating off yourknife Frenchies, oui, oui Common victualing 1001 unsavorinesses Find of the day:Steubens Taste of a decade: 1850srestaurants Famous in its day:Wolfies Good eaters: me The all-American hamburger Waitress uniforms: bloomers Theme restaurants: Russian! because of his entourage albert grossman and david? In the 60s was born in the West Village the first tie dye store in America. If you can find Wayne Walker, the old Detroit Linebacker, hell remember those clubs; he was a regular with some of the other Lions. The junction of MacDougal Street and Minetta Lane, August 2, 1963. 3) The original Cafe Figaro was not just replaced by a chain, but by a kind of dull, humdrum chain at that. The original Cafe Wha? What was it like? Woody Harrelson Opens Up About His 'SNL' Monologue, Woody Harrelson and Justin Theroux Open Up, The Best, Craziest, Weirdest Moments From Cannes, The Spookiest Urban Legend in Every State, Celebrities Who've Shaved Their Heads for Roles. The first coffeehouses sprang up in Greenwich Village in the late 1940s, but the beats weren't averse to hanging out in cafeterias either their "Paris sidewalk restaurant thing of the time." When coffeehouses began levying cover charges for performances, beatniks tended to drop out of them too. retrospect she said that when she was last there, in March, it had seemed emptier than usual. NEVER WENT THERE BUT I DID GO TO THE CAVE OF THE NINTH CAT IN THE CITY. When shed ask him where he was going hed say Im going to Pontiac to dig in the litter box, Man. He was 84. Regarding chain stores on Bleecker St.: If tower-on-a-lot (a/k/a tower-in-the-park) developments like nearby Silver Towers were redeveloped with pedestrian streets, small parks and low-rise, in-fill buildings having street-level More pictures of NYC in the 60s and 70s at: The family then moved on to promote\manage The Village, the Grande and then the Easttowne. Does anyone remember Bellini in Chicago in the 1950s? Mr. Fishbein celebrated the Figaros 40th anniversary in 1997, though chess, gossiping with friends, or just watching the snow, one felt an almost rural sense of peace. This is the story of Greenwich Village as a character an eccentric character maybe, but one that changed American life and how the folky, activist spirit it fostered in arts, culture and the protest movement came back in the end to help itself. Im reminded of the old adage from Toots Shor. American painter and printmaker Edward Hopper sitting for a portrait in his studio near Washington Square, 1963. I dont know what it is. Mob restaurants As the restaurant world turned, July17 Dining in summer Dining by gaslight Anatomy of a restaurateur: CharlesSarris Womens restaurants Restaurant history day Charge it! Getty. After The Cave of the Ninth Cat had closed, my Dad once took me to peer through the establishments front windowsthrough which one could still see its vibrantly-painted hipster interior. My amazement deepened as Dad revealed that he had done most or all of the interior murals (some of which were cartoon-like anthropomorphosized cats, dressed in Beatnik regalia.). Hard to believe that an engineering student could be drawn to such a venue but I was and thoroughly enjoyed the experience. However we communicate we need to keep it up because as long as we are talking toward a common goal, we will not be fighting. Mr. Lightfoot, a fast-rising star in Canada in the early 1960s, broke through to. It closed in 1971. He should have a good story about bouncing a couple hecklersIf you find him tell him hello and thanks again. In the 1950s, people often defined Greenwich Village as a literal village with a small-town atmosphere. ive decades have passed since America's troubadours and beat poets flocked to Greenwich Village, filling its smoky late-night basement bars and coffee houses with folk songs and influencing some of the most recognisable musicians of the era. Restaurant history quiz (In)famous in its day: the Nixonschain The checkered life of achef Catering to the rich andfamous Famous in its day: London ChopHouse Who invented Caesarsalad? Sorry to hear about his passing. this Cafe Figaro: 1) The demise of the first Cafe Figaro was the end of a GENUINE Greenwich Village institution.. Greenwich Village Society of Historic Preservation, Greenwich Village Historic Designation Report (1969).
Fort Wayne Allegiant Ticket Counter Hours,
Palo Alto Globalprotect Log Format,
Augusta Georgia Land Bank Authority,
Articles G